Let's gather information on Propanediol in a single thread for people interested in researching this proposed new alternative to PG in vaping. I'll start the ball rolling with an overview of Propanediol production.
Five Pawns announced plans to use this in place of PG: https://fivepawns.com/five-pawns-to-introduce-a-new-line-of-pg-alternative-vapor-liquids/
PG is also known as 1,2-Propanediol. This new alternative is 1,3-Propanediol. DuPont is a major source for both. This link shows the structure of both molecules (and comparisons of skin sensitization): http://duponttateandlyle.com/pdf/CT_Skin_Sensitization_Reprint.pdf
REALLY QUICK SUMMARY
Vegetable oil (commonly corn oil) is used to produce biodiesel. Glycerol is a byproduct of that production process. Various bacteria can be used to ferment glycerol into 1,3-Propanediol (PG) or into 1,2-Propanediol. The latest developments include DuPont's custom modified strain of E. coli for 1,3-Propanediol production.
DUPONT'S PRODUCTION METHOD
DuPont (and 13 others) patent information: http://www.google.com/patents/WO1998021339A1?cl=en
DuPont's brief description from that document: "1 ,3-Propanediol is a monomer having potential utility in the production of polyester fibers and the manufacture of polyurethanes and cyclic compounds."
Also from their patent information:
"BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF BIOLOGICAL DEPOSITS AND SEQUENCE LISTING The transformed E. coli W2042 (comprising the E. coli host W1485 and plasmids pDT20 and pAH42) containing the genes encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) and glycerol-3 -phosphatase (G3P phosphatase), glycerol dehydratase (dhaB), and 1,3-propanediol oxidoreductase (dhaT) was deposited on 26 September 1996 with the ATCC under the terms of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Micro-organisms for the Purpose of Patent Procedure and is designated as ATCC 98188."
My summary of DuPont's description: DuPont genetically altered E. coli bacteria to use in fermentation of glycerol to produce 1,3-Propanediol. Their stated purpose: "rapid, inexpensive and environmentally responsible source of 1,3-propanediol monomer useful in the production of polyesters and other polymers."
OTHER MODERN METHODS
Other bacteria can be used, and the field is a hotbed of innovation.
Klebsiella pneumonia can be used: www.gjesm.net/article_10775_1612.html
(research paper, Spring 2015, from Agharkar Research Institute's Microbial Sciences Division in India)
Background on klebsiella pneumonia: http://www.klebsiellapneumoniae.org/
A good overview of the progression of methods of 1,3-Propanediol production up through 2011: http://www.pfb.info.pl/files/kwartalnik2/1_2011/13.Drozdzynska.pdf (This 2011 research paper predates DuPont's patent of their custom E. coli.)
SOME MORE LINKS
Technical data for the chemistry experts here: http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.13839553.html?rid=38d00bd5-7c4a-4a67-a1f8-47c177de8b7e (synonyms, properties, vendors, links to numerous articles)
Generic MSDS for 1,3-Propanediol: http://datasheets.scbt.com/sc-320321.pdf (OSHA)
DuPont's product safety summary sheet: http://www.dupont.com/content/dam/a...ts/1,3-Propanediol Product Safety Summary.pdf
Five Pawns announced plans to use this in place of PG: https://fivepawns.com/five-pawns-to-introduce-a-new-line-of-pg-alternative-vapor-liquids/
PG is also known as 1,2-Propanediol. This new alternative is 1,3-Propanediol. DuPont is a major source for both. This link shows the structure of both molecules (and comparisons of skin sensitization): http://duponttateandlyle.com/pdf/CT_Skin_Sensitization_Reprint.pdf
REALLY QUICK SUMMARY
Vegetable oil (commonly corn oil) is used to produce biodiesel. Glycerol is a byproduct of that production process. Various bacteria can be used to ferment glycerol into 1,3-Propanediol (PG) or into 1,2-Propanediol. The latest developments include DuPont's custom modified strain of E. coli for 1,3-Propanediol production.
DUPONT'S PRODUCTION METHOD
DuPont (and 13 others) patent information: http://www.google.com/patents/WO1998021339A1?cl=en
DuPont's brief description from that document: "1 ,3-Propanediol is a monomer having potential utility in the production of polyester fibers and the manufacture of polyurethanes and cyclic compounds."
Also from their patent information:
"BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF BIOLOGICAL DEPOSITS AND SEQUENCE LISTING The transformed E. coli W2042 (comprising the E. coli host W1485 and plasmids pDT20 and pAH42) containing the genes encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) and glycerol-3 -phosphatase (G3P phosphatase), glycerol dehydratase (dhaB), and 1,3-propanediol oxidoreductase (dhaT) was deposited on 26 September 1996 with the ATCC under the terms of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Micro-organisms for the Purpose of Patent Procedure and is designated as ATCC 98188."
My summary of DuPont's description: DuPont genetically altered E. coli bacteria to use in fermentation of glycerol to produce 1,3-Propanediol. Their stated purpose: "rapid, inexpensive and environmentally responsible source of 1,3-propanediol monomer useful in the production of polyesters and other polymers."
OTHER MODERN METHODS
Other bacteria can be used, and the field is a hotbed of innovation.
Klebsiella pneumonia can be used: www.gjesm.net/article_10775_1612.html
(research paper, Spring 2015, from Agharkar Research Institute's Microbial Sciences Division in India)
Background on klebsiella pneumonia: http://www.klebsiellapneumoniae.org/
A good overview of the progression of methods of 1,3-Propanediol production up through 2011: http://www.pfb.info.pl/files/kwartalnik2/1_2011/13.Drozdzynska.pdf (This 2011 research paper predates DuPont's patent of their custom E. coli.)
SOME MORE LINKS
Technical data for the chemistry experts here: http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.13839553.html?rid=38d00bd5-7c4a-4a67-a1f8-47c177de8b7e (synonyms, properties, vendors, links to numerous articles)
Generic MSDS for 1,3-Propanediol: http://datasheets.scbt.com/sc-320321.pdf (OSHA)
DuPont's product safety summary sheet: http://www.dupont.com/content/dam/a...ts/1,3-Propanediol Product Safety Summary.pdf